Noun Clauses beginning with “that”

A noun clause acts like a noun. It can be the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb. Many noun clauses begin with “that,” which is often left out, particularly in speaking.

Noun clauses used as objects	I heard (that) Dr. Lin was moving to the US. Certain verbs are often followed by noun clauses: hope, know, think, believe, doubt, hear, guess, discover, find out, etc.
Noun clauses used as complements	It’s a fact (that) the sun rises in the east. I’m glad (that) I can work with you on this project. The truth is (that) Andrew is not right for you.

Noun Clauses beginning with “wh-” words

Some noun clauses begin with “wh-” words such as “when.” These noun clauses can act as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb or preposition.

A. Noun clauses as subjects

• What you eat is what you are.
• How the prisoner escaped is a mystery.
• Where I got the information is not important.

B. Noun clauses as objects

Question	Noun Clause Structure
Who did she go out with? When did she go out? How did she get to the airport?	Do you know who she went out with? Do you know when she went out? Do you know how she got to the airport?

Noun Clauses beginning with “if/whether”

In addition to using that and wh-words, a noun clause can begin with “if” or “whether.”

A. As the object of a verb

• Steve doesn’t care if he passes the exam.
  =Steve doesn’t care whether he passes the exam (or not).
• Lily wonders if Matt will give her a call tonight.
  =Lily wonders whether Matt will give her a call tonight (or not).

B. As the subject of a sentence

• Whether we win Hilary’s support or not will make a big difference.
• Whether you are rich or poor doesn’t matter. Everyone is equal here.